Interview Questions
Prepare for tech and compensation discussions with verified Q&As from top hiring pipelines.
How do you optimize render performance in a Next.js application using App Router?
Render performance in Next.js App Router can be optimized by using Server Components by default to reduce client bundle size, implementing selective client hydration, leveraging partial prerendering (PPR), using next/image for optimized layouts, configuring dynamic routing parameters with caching hooks, implementing route segment config, and reducing unnecessary re-renders with React.memo and useMemo.
What is the difference between Nominal Salary and PPP-adjusted salary?
Nominal Salary is the actual monetary amount paid in a local currency, while PPP-adjusted salary reflects the equivalent purchasing power in another country by adjusting for cost of living indices. For example, $100k nominal USD in the US has a PPP equivalent of $28k USD in India.
How does the Section 80C deduction help reduce income tax under the Old Tax Regime?
Section 80C allows taxpayers to claim deductions up to ₹1.5 Lakhs per year by investing in eligible instruments like Public Provident Fund (PPF), ELSS, NSC, life insurance premiums, and principal repayment of home loans. This directly reduces taxable income.
Explain the difference between CSR and SSR in React.
CSR (Client-Side Rendering) renders the page entirely in the browser using JavaScript, resulting in a blank HTML shell initially. SSR (Server-Side Rendering) renders the full HTML on the server per request, sending pre-rendered content to the browser, improving SEO and initial load performance.
How would you design a rate limiter for an API?
A rate limiter can be implemented using token bucket, leaky bucket, or sliding window algorithms. Common approaches use Redis with TTL-based counters, API gateways with built-in throttling (AWS API Gateway, Kong), or middleware interceptors. Key parameters include request count per time window and per-client identification via IP or API key.
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